Salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil, and pre

专利摘要:
Disclosed is a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil, comprising a salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function and a salt occluding ingredient, wherein the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function is prepared by modifying humic acid in a reactor at a temperature of 55-75°C in the presence of sulfuric acid, then reacting with acidic phosphate and stone powder, and drying. Salt reduction is organically combined with slow release of low-salinity nutrients to achieve “salt reduction” and “improvement of soil fertility”, slow release of nutrients is organically combined with efficient absorption of crops to achieve “slow release” and “high efficiency”, the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function is organically combined with the salt occluding ingredient to achieve the triple effects of “salt reduction”, “improvement of soil fertility” and “persistent salt immobilization”, and the salt absorbent has a persistent and stable effect of immobilizing salt.
公开号:NL2026829A
申请号:NL2026829
申请日:2020-11-05
公开日:2021-07-20
发明作者:Lin Haitao；Shen Yuwen；Song Xiaozong；Ping Liu；Wang Mei；Wang Jiangtao
申请人:Inst Agricultural Resources & Environment Shandong Academy Agricultural Sciences；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

SALT ABSORBENT WITH NUTRIENT SLOW RELEASE AND PERSISTENCE FOR IMPROVING COASTAL SALINE SOIL, AND
PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a salt absorbent, in particular to a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of soil improvement technology. Background of the Invention Saline soil, also known as saline-alkali soil, can be divided into inland saline soil and coastal saline soil. China’s saline land is vast, accounting for 4.88% of national available land, among which saline arable land reaches 920.9x 10% hm accounting for
6.62% of national arable land. Various saline soils are distributed in China, but coastal saline soils with an area of about 211.4x10* hm are the most widely distributed in coastal provinces, cities and autonomous regions. The coastal plain area in the north of the Yangtze River is the largest coastal saline soil distribution area in China, accounting for about half of the coastal saline soil area. Due to natural factors and the lack of long-lasting improver, about 80% of the coastal saline soil in China has not been developed and utilized so far. Since the 21st century, with the acceleration of China’s agricultural development and the enhancement of land resource development and utilization, especially with the promotion of construction of the “Bohai Granary” project, the green improvement, development and utilization of the coastal saline soil is extremely urgent.
The coastal saline soil is different from the inland saline soil. First, the salification process of the coastal saline soil precedes the soil forming process (this is its unique feature), resulting in heavy salification on the surface of the coastal saline soil, high salt content on the entire cross section, high groundwater level, and high mineralization. Second, because the salt in the coastal saline soil mainly comes from seawater, the salt composition of its soil and groundwater is the same as that of seawater, chlorides dominate the advantages except a few acidic coastal sulfate saline soils, and most of the chlorides are sodium chloride. Third, the coastal saline soil is mainly affected by groundwater and seawater intrusion, and subjected to minimal biological impact, so the soil has low alkalinity, almost no carbanion is detected, and the pH value is mostly 7.5-8.0. Fourth, obstructive factors such as “poor” are more prominent; and due to the high salt content, it is difficult to fertilize, and the coastal saline soil generally lacks nutrients. Therefore, improvement technologies are urgently needed based on the characteristics of coastal saline soil and the utilization of resources in coastal areas.
For heavy saline soil (salt content> 0.4%), applying an improver or a salt absorbent to reduce the salt content of surface soil of the coastal saline soil can effectively avoid the problem of double salt on the surface soil caused by traditional salinity dilution with water.
For example, Chinese patent document CN102504825A discloses an ecological improver for coastal saline soil and a preparation method and application thereof. The improver depends on acids generated by the physiological metabolism of bacteria to neutralize alkalis so as to reduce the pH value of soil. At the same time, the existence of microbial communities in the soil blocks the condition that the salt rises with water along capillary voids, to reduce the salt content of surface soil. The improver can only reduce the salt content of the surface soil, but cannot absorb and immobilize salt. Because the salt content is relatively high, the activity of biological bactericides is easily reduced, so the improver has a poor effect on the improvement of heavy saline soil.
For another example, Chinese patent document CN105993267A discloses a method for greening natural coastal saline soil with a salt absorbent containing fly ash, Chinese patent document CN105993268A discloses a method for greening natural seawater impregnated saline soil with a salt absorbent containing sugar residue paste, and Chinese patent document CN107365233A discloses a compound fertilizer suitable for saline soil and a production method thereof. Although the three documents can reduce salt to a certain extent, they have the following shortcomings: (1) Salt reduction is not organically combined with slow release of low-salinity nutrients, and the effects of “salt reduction” and “improvement of soil fertility” cannot be achieved. Although the documents CN105993267A and CN105993268A mention fermented manure ingredients, after the manure is fermented, the organic nitrogen and phosphorus with slow-release ability and the organically bound potassium contained are converted into nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the form of soluble inorganic salts, which no longer have the ability to release nutrients slowly and increase the salinity. In addition, microorganisms are also mentioned in the documents, but their functions are greatly affected by external factors. Generally, under the conditions of high salinity and low fertility, it is difficult for the microorganisms to function, and their own survival is a problem.
(2) The chemical nutrients are low in availability and cannot be absorbed and utilized by crops. The three documents mention iron pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, potassium ore, phosphate rock, etc., which are low in chemical availability and difficult to absorb and utilize by crops.
23 (3) They are only applicable to the greening of natural coastal saline soil, but not applicable to field crops. In addition to the low availability of nutrients and the difficulty in absorption and utilization by field crops, they also have the problems of high cost, difficulty in manuring at sowing, etc. (4) The effect of immobilizing salt is unstable. With the degradation of straw powder and organic materials and the desorption of salt adsorbed by inorganic materials, the effect of immobilizing salt will gradually decrease or disappear. Summary of the Invention Aiming at the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention can simultaneously achieve the following objectives: (1) Salt reduction is organically combined with slow release of low-salinity nutrients to achieve “salt reduction” and “improvement of soil fertility”. (2) Slow release of nutrients is organically combined with efficient absorption of crops to achieve “slow release” and “high efficiency”.
(3) Low cost, quick mass production, “manuring at sowing”, and popularization and application in field crops can be achieved. (4) A salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function is organically combined with a salt occluding ingredient to achieve the triple effects of “salt reduction”, “improvement of soil fertility” and “persistent salt immobilization™. (5) The effect of immobilizing salt is lasting and stable. 5 To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solution: A salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil includes a salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function and a salt occluding ingredient, wherein the weight ratio of the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function to the salt occluding ingredient is (55-60): (35-40). According to the present invention, preferably, the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function is prepared by modifying humic acid in a reactor at a temperature of 55-75°C in the presence of sulfuric acid, then reacting with acidic phosphate and stone powder, and drying.
According to the present invention, preferably, the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function is specifically prepared by the following method:
adding sulfuric acid into the temperature-controlled reactor, slowly adding humic acid according to a liquid-solid volume ratio of (5-10): 1 while stirring, controlling the temperature to 80°C to 110°C, refluxing for 2 to 3.5 h, adding acid phosphate powder into the system according to a liquid-solid volume ratio of (5-10): 1 while stirring, adding stone powder while stirring, stopping adding the stone powder when the pH value of the reaction solution is 6.0 to 6.3, regulating the pH value to 6.5 to 7.0, performing plate-frame pressure filtration, shearing and crushing the residue, then performing vacuum drying till the moisture content is less than or equal to 8%, pulverizing and sieving with a 1 mm sieve, thus obtaining the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function.
Further preferably, the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid is 20-30%, the regulator added for regulating the pH value is 40-60% potassium hydroxide solution, the vacuum degree of vacuum drying is 85 to 95 kPa, and the drying temperature is 75°C to 90°C.
Further preferably, the humic acid is one of weathered coal and lignite humic acids, with a particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes, a carbon content of more than or equal to 60%, and an aromaticity of more than or equal to 45%.
Further preferably, the acidic phosphate is one or any combination of two or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate.
Further, the stone powder is any combination of two or more of light calcium carbonate, light magnesium oxide, and dolomite powder, with a particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes.
According to the present invention, preferably, the salt occluding ingredient is composed of an organic occluding material and an inorganic occluding material in a weight ratio of (20-40): (60-80).
According to the present invention, preferably, the organic occluding material is a product obtained by incomplete combustion of crop straws under low-temperature and anaerobic conditions, with a particle size of 100 meshes. 3 Further preferably, the crop straws are wheat or rice straws; the anaerobic combustion temperature is 300°C to 450°C, and the heat preservation time is 5 to 10 h. According to the present invention, preferably, the inorganic occluding material is one or a combination of sepiolite and kieselguhr. Further preferably, the particle size of the inorganic occluding material is less than or equal 100 meshes.
According to the present invention, preferably, the salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil further includes a bonding ingredient, the weight ratio of the bonding ingredient to the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function is (1-10): (55-60), and the bonding ingredient is one or any combination of two or more of molasses, lignosulfonate and urea. Further preferably, the lignosulfonate is calcium lignosulfonate; and the urea is small granular urea.
The present invention further provides a preparation method of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil.
The preparation method of the salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil includes the following steps: mixing a salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function and a salt occluding ingredient under vacuum heat drying conditions of 80 to 90 kPa and 50°C to 60°C for 30 to 40 min; or spraying a bonding ingredient in a disc granulator onto a dry material formed by mixing the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function and the salt occluding ingredient, followed by granulation, drying and cooling.
Further preferably, the bonding material is formulated into an aqueous solution before use, and the weight ratio to water is 1: (3-5).
Further preferably, the granulated particle size is 2 to S mm.
Further preferably, during drying, the inlet air temperature of a dryer is controlled to 150°C to 180°C, and the outlet air temperature is controlled to 40°C to 50°C.
Further preferably, the temperature of the cooled granular salt absorbent should not exceed natural environment temperature.
An application of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil, which is suitable for continuous improvement on a total cultivated layer of coastal saline soil with high salinity and low nutrition, wherein the application rate is 30 to 150 kg/666.7 m*. According to the present invention, preferably, the application rate is 100 to 150 kg/666.7 m* for the heavy saline soil with a soluble salt content of more than or equal to 0.4%, and the application rate is 30 to 100 kg/666.7 m* for medium and low saline soil with a soluble salt content of less than 0.4%. By preparing the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function, the present invention not only introduces a low-salinity phosphate complex containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also introduces low-salinity acidifying factors such as sulfonated humic acid and calcium sulfate.
The introduced phosphate complex, sulfonated humic acid and calcium sulfate are all slightly soluble or insoluble in cold water, so the salinity is low, and the excessive application will not increase the soluble salt content of coastal saline soil.
The hydrolysis of sulfonated humic acid and calcium sulfate generates sulfuric acid (the hydrolysis process is slow), and the introduced phosphate complex is soluble in dilute acid.
Therefore, in the presence of acidifying factors, the insoluble phosphate complex continuously dissolves to release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that can be absorbed and utilized by crops to achieve the purpose of slow release of nutrients.
In addition, calcium ions generated by the hydrolysis of calcium sulfate can exchange sodium ions adsorbed by the soil to enter the soil solution.
The sulfonated humic acid and the humic acid formed after the hydrolysis are both good colloids, which can adsorb the calcium ions in the soil solution. The synergistic effect of these ingredients achieves “salt reduction” and “improvement of soil fertility”, “slow release” and “high efficiency”. In order to further reduce the sodium ions and chloride ions in the soil solution, the present invention further introduces the salt occluding ingredient including organic and inorganic ingredients, the porous structures of which can occlude salt ions and which are non-degradable, so the effect of immobilizing salt is more persistent and more stable. The raw materials used in the preparation of the salt absorbent are all readily available and cheap, so the salt absorbent is suitable for large-scale production. Through the introduction of bonding materials for granulation, manuring at sowing can be achieved, the salt absorbent can be widely used in the improvement of coastal saline soil farmlands, and the improvement operations can be simplified.
The bonding ingredient of the present invention not only plays a role of bonding and granulation, but also can supplement absorbable carbon sources and nitrogen sources for soil microorganisms, increase the activity of soil microorganisms and improve the flora of soil microorganisms, thereby indirectly promoting the absorption of nutrients by crops.
In brief, the present invention has the advantages that “salt reduction” and “improvement of soil fertility” are simultaneously implemented, “slow release” and “high efficiency” are synchronized, and the effect of immobilizing salt is persistent and stable; the salt absorbent is easy to prepare, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production, and can be used for “manuring at sowing”, the improvement operations are simplified, and the salt absorbent has broad market prospects.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments
The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.
It should be understood that the embodiments described here are merely used for describing and interpreting the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. 3 Raw materials used in the embodiments: Sulfuric acid: available from Nanjing Liante Chemical Co., Ltd; Weathered coal humic acid and lignite humic acid: available from Jinan Yunze Chemical Co, Ltd ; Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate: available from Sichuan Shifang Chuanhong Phosphorus Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; Light calcium carbonate: available from Jingxing Xinyang Calcium Industry Co, Ltd; 93% light magnesium oxide: available from Shijiazhuang Tianyu Magnesium Industry Co., Ltd; Dolomite powder: available from Lingshou Hengchang Mineral Processing Plant;
90% industnal-grade potassium hydroxide: available from Jinan Shuochang Chemical Co., Ltd; Sepiolite powder and kieselguhr: produced by Lingshou Hengshi Minerals Processing Plant; 50% molasses powder: available from Jinan Xinkang New Materials Co., Ltd.; 99% calcium lignosulfonate: available from Jinan Jiawang Chemical Co., Ltd.; Small granular urea: available from Shandong Jinmei Mingshui Chemical Group Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1: Preparation of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil: (1) Preparation of a salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function: 100 L of 30% sulfuric acid was added into a temperature-controlled reactor, a weathered coal humic acid with a particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes was slowly added according to a liquid-solid volume ratio of 10: 1 while stirring, the temperature was controlled to 105°C to 110°C, the reaction solution was refluxed for
2.0 to 2.2 h, pulverized ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was added into the hot reaction solution according to a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 while stirring, light calcium carbonate and light magnesium oxide having particle sizes of less than or equal to 150 meshes and mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 1 were then added while stirring, the adding of the mixture of light calcium carbonate and light magnesium oxide was stopped when the pH value of the reaction solution was 6.0 to 6.1, 56% potassium hydroxide solution was added at this time, the adding of the potassium hydroxide solution was stopped when the pH value was regulated to 6.5 to 6.6, plate-frame pressure filtration was performed, the residue was sheared, crushed and then dried under the vacuum of 90 to 95 kPa at a temperature of 85°C to 90°C, the drying was stopped when the moisture content was less than 8%, followed by pulverizing and sieving with a 1 mm sieve to obtain the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function; (2) Preparation of a salt occluding ingredient: Air-dried rice straws were sheared into thin segments with lengths of 0.5 to | cm, baked at 105°C to a constant weight, then carbonized in a muffle furnace at 450°C for 5 h under oxygen-limited and temperature-controlled conditions, taken out, cooled, pulverized and sieved with a 100 mesh sieve to obtain an organic salt occluding ingredient; and the organic salt occluding ingredient was mixed with kieselguhr in a mass ratio of 1: 1 to obtain the salt occluding ingredient. (3) Preparation of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil:
The salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function was mixed with the salt occluding ingredient in a weight ratio of 60: 40, and then vacuum drying was performed under 85 to 90 kPa at 55°C to 60°C for 40 min.
3 The salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil, prepared in Embodiment 1, was suitable for improving a total cultivated layer of coastal saline soil with high salinity and low nutrition.
Embodiment 2: Preparation of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil: (1) Preparation of a salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function: 13 100 L of 20% sulfuric acid was added into a temperature-controlled reactor, a weathered coal humic acid with a particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes was slowly added according to a liquid-solid volume ratio of 5: 1 while stirring, the temperature was controlled to 80°C to 85°C, the reaction solution was refluxed for 3.3 to 3.5 h, a mixture of pulverized ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1: 1 was added into the hot reaction solution according to a liquid-solid ratio of 10: 1 while stirring, dolomite powder with a particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes was added while stirring, the adding of the dolomite powder was stopped when the pH value of the reaction solution was
6.20 6.3, 40% potassium hydroxide solution was added at this time, the adding of the potassium hydroxide solution was stopped when the pH value was regulated to 6.8 to
7.0, plate-frame pressure filtration was performed, the residue was sheared, crushed and then dried under the vacuum of 85 to 90 kPa at a temperature of 75°C to 80°C, the drying was stopped when the moisture content was less than 8%, followed by pulverizing and sieving with a 1 mm sieve to obtain the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function; (2) Preparation of a salt occluding ingredient: Air-dried wheat straws were sheared into thin segments with lengths of 0.5 to 1 cm, baked at 105°C to a constant weight, then carbonized in a muffle furnace at 350°C for 8 h under oxygen-limited and temperature-controlled conditions, taken out, cooled, pulverized and sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain an organic salt occluding ingredient. The organic salt occluding ingredient was mixed with sepiolite powder in a mass ratio of 1: 2 to obtain the salt occluding ingredient.
(3) Preparation of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil: The salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function was mixed with the salt occluding ingredient in a weight ratio of 55: 40, and then vacuum drying was performed under 85 to 90 kPa at 55°C to 60°C for 30 min. The salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil, prepared in Embodiment 2, was suitable for improving a total cultivated layer of coastal saline soil with medium and high salinity and medium nutrition.
Embodiment 3: Preparation of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil: (1) Preparation of a salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function: 100 L of 30% sulfuric acid was added into a temperature-controlled reactor, a weathered coal humic acid with a particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes was slowly added according to a liquid-solid volume ratio of 10: 1 while stirring, the temperature was controlled to 105°C to 110°C, the reaction solution was refluxed for
2.0 to 2.2 h, pulverized ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was added into the hot reaction solution according to a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 while stirring, light calcium carbonate and light magnesium oxide having particle sizes of less than or equal to 150 meshes and mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 1 were then added while stirring, the adding of the mixture of light calcium carbonate and light magnesium oxide was stopped when the pH value of the reaction solution was 6.0 to 6.1, 56% potassium hydroxide solution was added at this time, the adding of the potassium hydroxide solution was stopped when the pH value was regulated to 6.5 to 6.6, plate-frame pressure filtration was performed, the residue was sheared, crushed and then dried under the vacuum of 90 to 95 kPa at a temperature of 85°C to 90°C, the drying was stopped when the moisture content was less than 8%, followed by pulverizing and sieving with a 1 mm sieve to obtain the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function; (2) Preparation of a salt occluding ingredient:
Air-dried rice straws were sheared into thin segments with lengths of 0.5 to 1 cm, baked at 105°C to a constant weight, then carbonized in a muffle furnace at 450°C for h under oxygen-limited and temperature-controlled conditions, taken out, cooled, 5 pulverized and sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain an organic salt occluding ingredient. The organic salt occluding ingredient was mixed with kieselguhr in a mass ratio of 1: 1 to obtain the salt occluding ingredient.
(3) Preparation of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil: 3 weight parts of molasses powder and 2 weight parts of small granular urea were dispersed into 15 weight parts of water to obtain a bonding agent before granulation, the bonding agent was sprayed in a disc granulator onto a dry material formed by mixing 60 weight parts of the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function and 35 weight parts of the salt occluding ingredient, followed by granulation, drying, cooling, sieving, and packaging. Requirements: during drying, the inlet air temperature of a dryer was controlled to 150°C to 160°C, the outlet air temperature was controlled to 40°C to 45°C, and the temperature of the salt absorbent particles after cooling was close to room temperature. The preferred granulated particle size was 2 to 5 mm, and the particles with too large or too small size were used as special salt absorbent powder with a nutrient slow-release function for improving coastal saline soil after being pulverized.
For the salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil prepared in Embodiment 3, the salt absorbent powder was suitable for improving a total cultivated layer of coastal saline soil with high salinity and low nutrition, and the salt absorbent particles were suitable for improving an arable layer of a planting row of coastal saline soil with high salinity and low nutrition under the condition of manuring at sowing. 3 Embodiment 4: Preparation of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil: (1) Preparation of a salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function: 100 L of 20% sulfuric acid was added into a temperature-controlled reactor, a weathered coal humic acid with a particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes was slowly added according to a liquid-solid volume ratio of 5: 1 while stirring, the temperature was controlled to 80°C to 85°C, the reaction solution was refluxed for 3.3 to 3.5 h, a mixture of pulverized ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1: 1 was added into the hot reaction solution according to a liquid-solid ratio of 10: 1 while stirring, dolomite powder with a particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes was added while stirring, the adding of the dolomite powder was stopped when the pH value of the reaction solution was
6.2 to 6.3, 40% potassium hydroxide solution was added at this time, the adding of the potassium hydroxide solution was stopped when the pH value was regulated to 6.8 to
7.0, plate-frame pressure filtration was performed, the residue was sheared, crushed and then dried under the vacuum of 85 to 90 kPa at a temperature of 75°C to 80°C, the drying was stopped when the moisture content was less than 8%, followed by pulverizing and sieving with a 1 mm sieve to obtain the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function; (2) Preparation of a salt occluding ingredient: Air-dried wheat straws were sheared into thin segments with lengths of 0.5 to 1 cm, baked at 105°C to a constant weight, then carbonized in a muffle furnace at 350°C for 8 h under oxygen-limited and temperature-controlled conditions, taken out, cooled, pulverized and sieved with a 100 mesh sieve to obtain an organic salt occluding ingredient. The organic salt occluding ingredient was mixed with sepiolite powder in a mass ratio of 1: 2 to obtain the salt occluding ingredient.
(3) Preparation of a salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil: 1 weight part of molasses powder, 1 weight part of calcium lignosulfonate and 1 weight part of small granular urea were dispersed into 18 weight parts of water to obtain a bonding agent before granulation, the bonding agent was sprayed in a disc granulator onto a dry material formed by mixing 57 weight parts of the salt absorbing ingredient with nutrient slow-release function and 40 weight parts of the salt occluding ingredient, followed by granulation, drying, cooling, sieving, and packaging. Requirements: during drying, the inlet air temperature of a dryer was controlled to 170°C to 180°C, the outlet air temperature was controlled to 45°C to 50°C, and the temperature of the salt absorbent particles after cooling was close to room temperature. The preferred granulated particle size was 2 to 5 mm, and the particles with too large or too small size were used as special salt absorbent powder with a nutrient slow-release function for improving coastal saline soil after being pulverized.
For the salt absorbent with nutrient slow-release function for improving coastal saline soil prepared in Embodiment 4, the salt absorbent powder was suitable for improving a total cultivated layer of coastal saline soil with medium and high salinity and low nutrition, and the salt absorbent particles were suitable for improving an arable layer of a planting row of coastal saline soil with medium and high salinity and low nutrition under the condition of manuring at sowing. Application effects: The special salt absorbents with nutrient slow-release function for improving coastal saline soil, prepared according to the embodiments, were applied to the improvement test of medium coastal saline soil in Huanghekou Town, Kenli District, Dongying City, Shandong Province. The test crop was winter wheat. Before the winter wheat was sowed: The salt content and nutrient content of surface soil were as follows: the soluble salt content of surface (0-20 cm) soil was 0.36%, which was close to that of heavy saline soil (salt content >0.40%), the sodium chloride content was 91%, the pH value was 7.7, the alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen content was 42.7 mg/Kg, the available phosphorus content was 19.4 mg/Kg, and the available potassium content was 121.3 mg/Kg.
After the winter wheat was harvested: (1) Improvement effect on salinity and pH value of soil The soluble salt content of the surface (0-20 cm) soil decreased by 44.9% to
49.7%, from nearly heavy saline soil to mild saline soil, the sodium ion content in the soil decreased by 57.7% to 64.2%, and the chloride ion content decreased by 32.1% to
35.2%, the pH dropped to 6.7 to 7.0. See Table 1 for specific indicators: Table 1 Changes in salt content and pH value of surface soil after winter wheat was harvested Indicator of soil Embodiment | Embodiment | Embodiment | Embodiment 1 2 3 4 Soluble salt content 0.181 0.186 0.191 0.198 (%) of soil Soluble salt content 49.7 48.2 46.9 44.9 decrease (%) of soil Sodium ion content 64.2 62.1 60.7 57.7 decrease (%o) of soil Chloride 10n content 35.2 32.3 33.1 32.1 decrease (%o) of soil (2) Improvement effect on soil nutrient content
The contents of alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the surface (0-20 cm) soil increased by 18.6% to 25.3%, 67.8% to 83.2%, and 15.9% to 21.5%, respectively. See Table 2 for specific indicators: 3 Table 2 Changes in nutrient content of surface soil after winter wheat was harvested Indicator of soil Embodiment | Embodiment | Embodiment | Embodiment 1 2 3 4 Alkali-hydrolyzale 21.4 18.6 25.3 22.5 nitrogen content increase (%) of soil Available phosphorus 74.3 67.8 83.2 76.1 content increase (%) of soil Available potassium 21.5 17.7 20.7 15.9 content increase (%o) of soil (3) Impact on growth and yield of winter wheat Compared with the control, the wheat field using the special salt absorbent with nutrient slow-release function for improving coastal saline soil had the advantages that the emergence rate increased by 21.2% to 25.1%, the number of ears per 666.7 m increased by 26.5% to 31.4%, and the yield of winter wheat per 666.7 m increased by
31.6% to 37.8%. See Table 3 for specific indicators: Table 3 Growth and yield of winter wheat
Indicator of soil Embodiment | Embodiment | Embodiment | Embodiment 1 2 3 4 Emergence rate increase 23.4 21.2 25.1 22.8 (%) Ear increase per 666,7 m 30.3 26.5 31.4 30.1 (%) Yield increase per 666.7 35.5 31.6 37.8 34.9 m (%) (4) Verification on persistence of immobilizing soil The coastal saline soil improved by the salt absorber was no longer applied with the salt absorber.
After 6 months, the soluble salt content and pH value of the surface soil (0-20 cm) were measured.
The test results were shown in Table 4 below: Table 4 Physical and chemical properties of coastal saline soil after 6 months of improvement by salt absorbent Indicator of soil Embodiment | Embodiment | Embodiment | Embodiment 1 2 3 4 Soluble salt content (%o) 0.184 0.188 0.196 0.201 of soil It can be seen from Table 4 that even if the salt absorbent was no longer applied to the improved coastal saline soil, the soluble salt content and pH value of the soil remained basically unchanged after 6 months, indicating that the salt absorbent of the present invention had persistence and long persistence period.
3 The foregoing specific implementation modes are only exemplary, are intended to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the content of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Any improvements made according to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
A slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil comprising a slow nutrient release function salt absorbent component and a salt inclusion component, wherein the weight ratio of the slow nutrient release function salt absorbent component to the salt containment component (55-60):( 35-40); the salt-absorbing component with slow nutrient release function is prepared by modifying humic acid in a reactor at a temperature of 55-75°C in the presence of sulfuric acid, then reacting with acid phosphate and rock powder, and drying.
[2]
The slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the slow nutrient release function salt absorbing component is specifically prepared by the following method: adding sulfuric acid to the temperature controlled reactor, adding humic acid slowly according to a liquid/solid volume ratio of (5-10):1 with stirring, controlling the temperature to 80-110°C, refluxing for 2 to 3.5 hours, adding acid phosphate powder to the system according to a liquid/solid volume ratio of (5-10):1 with stirring, adding rock powder with stirring, stopping adding the rock powder when the pH value of the reaction solution is 6.0-8, 3, regulating the pH to 6.5-7.0, performing plate frame pressure filtration, shearing and crushing the residue, then performing a vacuum drying procedure until the moisture content is less than or equal to 8%, pulverizing and sieving with a 1 mm sieve, thereby obtaining the salt-absorbing component with slow nutrient release function.
[3]
The slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil according to claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid is 20-30%, the regulator added to regulate the pH value is 40-60 % potassium hydroxide solution, the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying procedure is 85-95 kPa, the drying temperature is 75-90 °C, and the humic acid is one of weathered coal and lignite humic acids, with a particle size less than or equal to, 150 mesh units, a carbon content greater than or equal to 60%, and an aromaticity greater than or equal to 45%.
[4]
The slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil according to claim 2, wherein the acidic phosphate is one of, or a combination of two or more of, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate,
potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate; and the rock powder is a combination of two or more of light calcium carbonate, light magnesium oxide, and dolomite powder, having a particle size less than or equal to 150 mesh units.
[5]
The slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the salt inclusion component is composed of an organic containment material and a non-organic containment material in a weight ratio of (20-40):(60- 80).
[6]
The slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil according to claim 5, wherein the organic containment material is a product obtained by incomplete combustion of dry crop stalks at low temperature and anaerobic conditions, having a particle size. of 100 mesh units; the stalks are of wheat or rice; the anaerobic combustion temperature is 300-450°C, and the heat retention time is 5-10 hours; the inorganic containment material is one of, or is a combination of, sepiolite and kieselguhr; and the particle size of the inorganic containment material is less than or equal to 100 mesh units.
[7]
The slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil further comprises: a binding component, wherein the weight ratio of the binding component to the salt-absorbing component with slow nutrient release function is (1-10):(55-60), and the binding component is one or a combination of two or more of molasses, lignosulfonate and urea; preferably wherein the lignosulphonate is calcium lignosulphonate; and the urea is small granular urea.
[8]
A method of preparing a slow nutrient release and persistence salt absorbent for improving coastal saline soil, comprising the steps of: mixing a slow nutrient release function salt absorbing component and a salt inclusion component under vacuum heat drying conditions of 80-90 kPa and 50 kPa - 60°C for 30-40 minutes; or spraying a binding component in a disc granulator onto a dry material formed by mixing the salt-absorbing component with slow nutrient release function and the salt inclusion component, followed by granulation, drying and cooling.
[9]
The preparation method of claim 9, wherein the binding material is formulated in an aqueous solution prior to use, and the weight ratio to water is 1:(3-5); the size of the analyzed particles is 2-5 mm; and during drying, the inlet air temperature of a drying device is controlled to 150-180°C, and the outlet air temperature is controlled to 40-50°C
[10]
10. Application of a salt absorbent with slow nutrient release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil suitable for continuous improvement on a total cultivated layer of coastal saline soil with high salinity and low nutrition, the application ratio being 30- 150 ka/666.7 m is: preferably, the application ratio is 100-150 kg/666.7 m2 for the highly saline soil with a soluble salt content greater than or equal to 0.4%, and the application ratio is 30-100 kg/666 .7 m is for medium salt and low salt soil with a soluble salt content lower than 0.4%.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CN110698294A|2020-01-17|

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法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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CN201911095177.3A|CN110698294A|2019-11-11|2019-11-11|Coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect as well as preparation method and application thereof|

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